The ground effect factor is a parameter in aerodynamics that quantifies the influence of the proximity of the ground on the performance of an aircraft, particularly during takeoff and landing. It adjusts lift and drag calculations near the ground. In ground effect, the lift produced by the wings is enhanced, and the induced drag is reduced due to the interaction between the aircraft and the ground. The formula for the ground effect factor is:
where:
- is the ground effect factor (dimensionless),
- is the wingspan of the aircraft (in meters or feet),
- is the altitude above the ground (in meters or feet).