A U-tube manometer is a simple and common device used to measure pressure differences between two points in a fluid system. It consists of a U-shaped glass tube filled with a liquid (often mercury or water) and open at both ends. One end of the U-tube is connected to the point where the pressure is being measured, and the other end is usually open to the atmosphere or connected to a reference pressure.
- pb: Pressure at the bottom point of the U-tube (connected to the point being measured).
- pa: Pressure at the top point of the U-tube (open to the atmosphere or reference pressure).
- ρ: Density of the liquid in the U-tube.
- g: Acceleration due to gravity.
- h1: Height of first arm of U-tube.
- h2: Height of second arm of U-tube.