The velocity of air or fuel within the cylinder bore of a piston engine can be calculated using the formula for velocity, which is applicable to fluid flow within the engine:
- V is the velocity in meters per second (m/s).
- ṁ is the mass flow rate of air or fuel in kilograms per second (kg/s).
- ρ is the density of the fluid (air or fuel) in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
- A is the cross-sectional area of the cylinder bore through which the fluid flows in square meters (m²).